While urinary tract infections are rare in cats, they can occur and require prompt diagnosis and treatment. Our Hermitage vets discuss infections and other urinary conditions in cats in this post.
What are urinary tract infections (UTIs) in cats?
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are uncommon in cats. Only 1-3% of cats with signs of urinary tract disease will have a urinary tract infection.
Though UTIs can resemble many other conditions (like crystals in the urine), it's important to understand the difference between UTIs and other conditions that affect the urinary tract. Fortunately, your vet can conduct diagnostic tests to tell the difference.
In most cases, UTIs in cats are typically caused by bacteria. Bacterial urinary tract infections are relatively easy to treat and usually respond well to medications.
Chronic infections, or those that do not respond to regular medication, may warrant more diagnostic testing to identify why your cat is at higher risk for urinary tract infections.
How do I know if my cat has a urinary tract infection?
Cats are known for their ability to hide discomfort, making it crucial for pet owners to recognize the subtle signs of a UTI. Symptoms may vary, but commonly include:
- Frequent trips to the litter box
- Straining to urinate
- Passing urine tinged with blood (urine is a pinkish color)
- Pain or discomfort when urinating
- Not urinating at all
- Urinating outside the litter box (in sinks, bathtubs, and clean laundry areas)
- Vomiting (especially in male cats)
- Lethargy (especially in male cats)
- Frequent licking around the rear end
In most cases, acute (sudden) and chronic UTIs will cause very similar symptoms. However, some cats with chronic UTIs do not display any signs of the disease. If you observe any of these symptoms, it's essential to consult with your veterinarian promptly.
Feline Urinary Tract Disease - FLUTD
While our vets often treat cats with urinary problems, our feline friends are more likely to experience urinary tract disease than infection.
FLUTD, Feline lower urinary tract disease, is actually an umbrella term that refers to numerous clinical symptoms. FLUTD can cause issues in your cat’s urethra and bladder, often obstructing the urethra or preventing the bladder from emptying properly. These conditions can be serious or even life-threatening if left untreated.
Urinating can be difficult, painful, or impossible for cats suffering from FLUTD. They may also urinate more frequently or in inappropriate areas outside their litter box (occasionally on cool surfaces, such as a tile floor or bathtub).
Urinary tract disease in cats is most often diagnosed in overweight, middle-aged cats who have little to no access to the outdoors, eat a dry food diet or do not get enough physical activity. However, cats of any age can suffer from FLUTD. Male cats are also more prone to urinary diseases since they have a narrower urethra that is more likely to become blocked.
What causes urinary tract infection in cats?
Both acute (sudden) and chronic UTIs are caused by bacterial infections. The bacteria that trigger UTIs usually come from either the gastrointestinal tract or lower down the urinary or reproductive tract.
Cats that develop urinary tract infections are more likely to suffer from endocrine diseases like diabetes mellitus and hyperthyroidism, and are typically 10 years of age or older.
How are urinary tract infections in cats diagnosed?
Your vet will collect a urine sample and examine it for the presence of bacteria. The urine sample must be collected via cystocentesis, a process where urine is drawn directly from the bladder with a fine needle to prevent the urine sample being contaminated by tables, cups, or other surfaces the urine may come into contact with.
After cystocentesis, your veterinarian will conduct a culture-and-sensitivity test to isolate and study the bacteria. This helps the vet identify the best antibiotics to treat your cat's specific infection.
Sometimes, acute infections – especially first-time infections that appear suddenly – are treated with a broad-spectrum antibiotic without trying to determine which bacteria are involved.
However, chronic infections almost always require more testing to isolate the type of bacteria causing the issue and identify the antibiotic that can treat it most effectively.
At our veterinary diagnostic laboratory, we offer advanced diagnostic testing so our vets can run tests and get results quickly. This enables efficient diagnoses and timely treatment. We also have access to a variety of prescription diets and medications that your pet may need while in our care.
What can I give my cat for a urinary tract infection?
If you notice any signs of a UTI in your cat, take them to the vet. For male cats, these infections can become fatal within even a few hours. For female cats, give them canned food only and see the vet within 24 hours. Do not try to treat the UTI at home by giving your cat cranberry products, which have not proven to be effective for UTIs in cats.
How will my vet treat my cat's urinary tract infection?
Antibiotics are usually used to treat urinary infections in cats. Vets often recommend providing an all-canned diet for a period of time (or long-term) since dry foods often result in a more concentrated urine, which can lead to urinary tract problems.
Your vet may prescribe anti-inflammatory pain medication if your cat is especially uncomfortable. Acute infections are typically treated with a relatively short course of antibiotics, while you may need to administer antibiotics for a longer time period to treat a chronic UTI.
Always follow your veterinarian's advice and never give your cat over-the-counter medications or treatments without professional guidance.
Can a cat's urinary tract infection go away by itself?
A healthy cat with a strong immune system may be able to fight off a mild UTI that doesn't have any symptoms. If you notice any signs, your cat probably needs treatment and should see a vet.
Recovery & Management of Urinary Tract Infection in Cats
Most cats will fully recover within 7-10 days of developing a urinary tract infection. However, your kitty may need to stay on a canned diet for longer. Your vet might check a urine sample after treating your cat's UTI to confirm all the bacteria are gone.
Occasionally, cats will develop recurring urinary tract infections. Cats with recurring UTIs often need more diagnostic testing to determine the underlying cause.
Recovery from a urinary tract infection in cats involves consistent care and monitoring. Ensure your cat completes the entire course of prescribed medications, and follow any dietary recommendations from your vet. Monitor their litter box habits and look out for any recurrence of symptoms. Regular veterinary check-ups can help catch any potential issues early and maintain your cat's urinary health.
Recognizing the signs of a urinary tract infection in your cat and seeking prompt veterinary care is essential. You can help ensure a swift recovery and prevent future infections with the right treatment and preventative measures. Always consult with your veterinarian to tailor the best care plan for your feline friend.
By staying vigilant and proactive, you can help your cat live a healthy, comfortable life free from the discomfort of urinary tract infections.
Note: The advice provided in this post is intended for informational purposes and does not constitute medical advice regarding pets. For an accurate diagnosis of your pet's condition, please make an appointment with your vet.